Synthesis Of Triphenylamine Based Dye And Fabrication Of...

Report for B.Tech Project Synthesis of triphenylamine based dye and fabrication of DSSC device A Project Report Submitted to the Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati As a part of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Technology by Arvindh Sekar Roll No. : 11012206 Statement I hereby declare that the work embodies in this project report titled Synthesis of triphenylamine based dye and fabrication of DSSC device by Arvindh Sekar represents an original work completed under the guidance of Prof. Parameshwar Krishnan Iyer, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati. This work has not been submitted elsewhere for a degree. Signature of Student Date: November, 2014 Certificate The work contained in this thesis titled Synthesis of triphenylamine based dye and fabrication of DSSC device by Arvindh Sekar, a student of Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati has been carried out under my supervision. This work has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree. Signature of Project Supervisor Date: November, 2014 Acknowledgement I express my deep gratitude to Prof. Parameshwar Krishnan Iyer for introducing me to the field of organic electronics. I thank him for his guidance and inspiration and for the ideas and suggestion he gave which motivated me to pursue

Similarities Between Buddhism And Islamic Religion

Every religion all together is a large tree. Every religion presented in society is connected to one another, if even in the smallest ways. Buddhism and Islam are religions that demonstrate similarities in ethical standards artistic works despite they emerged 1000 years apart. Buddhism and Islamic artwork expresses similar feelings on icons placed on art, yet these religions have different reasons why. The spread of Buddhism and Islamic religion once illustrated similarities in their artwork however; they began to branch off showing differences. Buddhism is a religion that worships more than one deity or God, which is known as Polytheistic. Buddhism is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama and assumes that life or death is not set†¦show more content†¦Earliest works avoided depictions of Buddha, like how Islam did with Muhammad. During 2nd century, Buddhism artwork was built with the use of symbols and animals not of figurative imagery. Islam art shows figures of anim als on small figures like that of Buddhism. Buddhism and Islamic art used the idea of symbols to better express their faith in their art. Within earlier periods, Buddhism avoided icons by using symbols to show proper understandings of Buddha’s teachings. Islamic art uses stars and crescents when creating structures for doors windows and more to explain the ways of Allah. The Damascus Room in the Metropolitan Museum of Art shows further evidence of how Islam used symbols in their work. Conch, fish lotus, parasol etc. were all used to create various forms of Buddhism art work like Shankha, used for rituals. To put it another way, both Buddhism and Islamic religions felt strongly that the teachings of both faiths can be expressed with symbols without ruining or replacing the almighty and worshipping false gods. As Buddhism began to spread, the artwork began to show figurative images Buddhism art began to show gods, Buddha, bodhisattva’s history etc. Buddhism art expresses the lives of both history and mythical stories. Regarding the â€Å"The Wheel of Existence† in the Rubin Museum of art shows the development of Buddhism art. This art workShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Islam And Buddhism1231 Words   |  5 PagesIslam and Buddhism In this paper the purpose is to take two religions, to find similarities and differences between the two. The two world religions chosen are Islam and Buddhism, to someone just considering religions, they could be confused, at the surface they could think, that these two religions are so different that one could not find any substantial, and meaningful similarities. Well that thought is a very insider’s view on the facts and histories of religion. as there are differences in eachRead MoreThe Fundamental Principles Of Buddhism And Islam1585 Words   |  7 Pagesgoing to discuss and describe the fundamental principles of Buddhism and Islam, consider the common and distinctive attributes and outline their influence and presence in modern Asia. The notion of religion is the fundamental foundation, and later the central body, for all past, present and future societies and cultures. The majority of the world’s population fabricates their own unique identity through the value s and morals of the religion with which they follow. The present day allows opportunityRead MoreSimilarities between Beliefs and Philosophies from the World1637 Words   |  7 PagesChoice of topic: Religion has always amused me. I have always been curious about the ways of life in a particular religion and their beliefs about God. Point of view has always been important and is supposed to be respected. I was myself involved in many of the family rituals conducted and that always amused me. I come from a family possessing a religious background. I would credit my grandparents for teaching me the Hindu way of life and for teaching to respect other religions and their beliefsRead MoreThe Spread and Localization of Buddhism and Islam into Southeast Asia1659 Words   |  7 PagesThe spread of religion first began through contact with neighbouring countries which gradually expand throughout the years. Buddhism and Islam are one of the most widespread religions across Southeast Asian countries like Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam. Trade merchants and imperial support of the religion were major factors in the facilitation and localization of the spread of Buddhism and Islam within Southeast Asia. However, there were also limitations presentedRead MoreChristianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, And Confucianism1472 Words   |  6 PagesReligions have always been extremely varied. This is true due to an ample amount of external factors, such as location. Is it possible that there is at least one universal idea, present in all of them? This is largely a personal interpretation, as â€Å"common ground† (universal ideas) has a large spectrum of meanings, ranging from â€Å"kind of similar if you look at it in the right fashion†, to â€Å"exactly alike†. In any case, there are many examples, and counterexamples of universal ideas between the â€Å"main†Read MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Islam1409 Words   |  6 Pagespeople that role and spread of the religions. Christianity included the individuals of who believe in Jesus Christ. Christians are the flowers of the Christ who often believed is the son of the God (â€Å"the father†); Christians strongly believe that Christ will return after the next life; the end of the world. Islam consists of individuals who believe in Allah, the god teaches the followers who are Muslims. Even though both Christianity and Islam are Abrahamic religions which both of them are mostly monotheisticRead More Religion in India Essay1629 Words   |  7 PagesReligion in India What is religion? Religion has always played an important role in man’s existence. It is hard to define religion because every person has, his or her own way of defining religion. For some of us it might be a way of life, which determines what they ear, who their friends are, and it also makes up what culture they follow from day to day. For others, religion simply means going to church or temple and seeing religious festivals. India is the land of culture. This country isRead MoreThe Egyptian Religious Beliefs, Buddhism, Islamic, And Religion1296 Words   |  6 Pages Religion is a simple word that is able to branch out into different definitions. Whether beliefs consist of one God or many, religion was a huge aspect of many cultures everyday life. Religion seemed to be held on a higher pedestal back in the early days of religion, however the fact that many of these religions are still present in today’s history is amazing. Many of these religions actually have a good amount of similarities. Ones they each adopted and changed to better fit their beliefs. BetweenRead MorePrayer and Fasting: Traditions That Cross the Barriar of Religions1441 Words   |  6 Pageshundreds of religions with thousands of traditions and practices. Many of these religions share the same roots, but have diverged so much over the years that the only thing in common is the God they worship. When observing two major religions of India, Hinduism and Buddhism, one can see that there are several similarities, such as the polytheistic worship, but to the uneducated, the two religions may seem very different and distinct with little in common. In fact the major thing that Buddhism has in commonRead MoreBuddhism Vs Christianity Essay example1051 Words   |  5 PagesReligion is a fundamental element of human society. It is what binds a country, society or group of individuals together. However, in some instances it destroys unity amoungst these. Religion is a belief in a superhuman entity(s) which control(s) the universe. Every religion has its differences but most strive for a just life and the right morals. The three major groups are the primal regions which consist of African, Aboriginal and Native American religions, Asian which consist of South Eastern

The Future of Franchise Business in Australia

Question: Discuss about the Future of Franchise Business in Australia. Answer: Introduction The current paper discusses the brief history of the future franchising and its development in Australia. The regulatory framework is reported and is linked to the analysis that is relevant to this research. From the findings, it is understood that the approach is found to be disparate and hoc to the research along with the scoping studies that have been done at the budding stage of the franchise development. There is a significant evidence for this census-style of research which has concluded with the path of the disparate studies by utilizing research methods that are highly sophisticated (Barthlemy, 2008). If the research of franchising has to advance, then it appears that it has to be interfaced with the various other domains of research in the SME and the research on the entrepreneurship. The kind of issues that are subject to the franchising research should be extended. For having the better understanding of the change over time it has, to begin with, the longitudinal studies. In order to enhance the knowledge and understanding to that level of analysis, the studies should be promoted in the direction of sectorial focus. With the volume of the work that is being undertaken the representation of the cross-cultural research should be increased. Literature review As per Bebchuk, the franchising sector of Australia is represented by over 71400 franchise system units that are contributing to around 131 billion dollars in the sales of services and goods to the gross domestic product of Australia every year. In Australia in the past three decades, there is rapid growth in the franchising (Bebchuk, 2007). The body of the research can be contextualizing with the wide range of history about franchising and the regulatory management that is governed with the Australias sector is presented. In this context, the strategic considerations of the research are highlighted with a comprehensive review and the synthesis. Later in the agenda of future research suggestions are put forth (Cochet Garg, 2008). It is evident that prior to 1970 there was franchising to some extent in Australia except for the industries such as product franchising in the petroleum and the motor vehicles. In the year 1960s and 1970s, the trend of fast food franchises like McDonalds and KFC has been introduced. It has begun in the systems that are based locally, which requires further expansion as a result. According to Cavusgil et al, during the year 1970s and the early 1980s because of the increased intensity in the competition of business, it has resulted in the failure path of most of the small and the medium-sized businesses and was stimulated growth in franchising (Cavusgil et al., 2014). This was found to be the alternative that is safe for independent operations, which is a means for the small business people who are new to get benefited from the business systems that are established and a brand name that is recognized. This kind of growth in franchising has been credited for the nonexistence of the dis turbing controls of regulation at the federal or the state level. For, accepting the new ideas and the investments from foreign there was an increasing comfort from the local population and a greater willingness of the Australian citizens (Combs, Ketchen Short, 2011). During the 1980s the franchising continued to grow at an enhanced rate. Hence it has been credited from the financial and the public sectors to an increase in the interest. However, in some of the high-profile franchises, the interest of the media has failed which promoted the questions with respect to the appropriateness of the franchising to be the distribution medium. An experimental study has been conducted by Dant Grnhagen from whom it was found that the survival rates of franchising were found to be greater when compared with the smaller businesses (Dant Grnhagen, 2014). Yet in the consumer protection and the sector regulation, there was a growing interest. In the year 1981, it has led to the formation of the Franchisors Association of Australia because of the calls from the sector regulation of franchising. Later in the year 1993, the membership was extended by the private associations for including the franchises and then it became to be known as the Franchise Association of Australia and the New Zealand. In the year 1998, it has become to known as the Franchise Council of Australia with the growth of the membership and the affiliations from international markets (Davies et al., 2011). The association had the key aims which include representation of the franchisors, the franchises and other related entities of franchising equally which also included the consultants of marketing, the advisors, legal representatives, mediators and the accountants. Parallel to this, the legal framework has undergone some significant development during the same period. However, there is an evidence of little credibility in the literature of franchising which corresponds to the effects of the Franchise regulation of the Australia. There was no particular statute that is governing this sector in pre-1981 apart from the commonwealth Petroleum Retail Franchise Act 1980 (Elenurm, Ennulo Laar, 2007). Hence franchise was highly unregulated during those times. The general laws have bound the franchise investment which is governing to the activity of commercial trading with most of the activities taking place under the section 52 of the Trade Practices Act 1974. From this, the franchise can find an option from the franchisors with regards to the deceptive or the misleading conduct allegedly. The Economic outlook journal which is based on the International Franchise Association reviews about the economic outlook of franchising in the future. From the current journal, the scope found to elaborate the franchise business in near future. The taxation with respect to the franchise businesses is covered and the growth prospects of the different types of businesses of the franchise are explained along with the scope for further expansion. In this report, the first look of the franchise sector outlook of the US economy in the year 2016 has been prepared by the IHS economy with respect to future of the franchise. In the year 2016, the current IHS forecast of the US economy with specific attention towards the economic indicators relating to the economic sector where it has a significant concentration on franchising is summarized. The overview of the estimations and the forecasts regarding the franchising of the 10 business lines has been presented: In the automotive business The services of business Services related to commercial and residential spaces Lodging Personal services Restaurants of quick service Full-fledged service restaurants Real estate Retail food industry Retail services and products Based on the estimations of the year 2015 the initial forecasting of the year 2016 has been reported: Establishment of franchise Employment in franchise Nominal output of franchise The strategic management journal provides the relationship in between the resources of the franchise and the outputs that are produced out of it. There is an extensive research and focus with respect to the leveraging of the resources of the business and the kind of inputs and the business tactics which are indirectly related to the proportions of franchising (Gitman McDaniel, 2007). From this research, it is understood that the most important feature of most of the franchise chains is that they are known to use simultaneously both companies owned outlets and also franchising. In this study, it has been shown that the resources that are provided to the managers of outlets have a relationship with the financial performance with the franchise chain and are dependent on the structure of the governance. The considerations such as specificity, knowledge, and opportunities have seen to prevent the chains from developing the franchised outlets in large proportions from the fully available resources like the name of the brand and the business practices with tactics. While the value of the brand name and the practices of the business tactics are indirectly related to the percentage of the outlet chains that are franchised. It is understood clearly from the quote that is often well-known states that the shareholder franchise is the conceptual strategy that underpins the justice of the directorial power rests. In similar to this the shareholder franchise can be viewed as the key mechanism in making the boards responsible. Another opinion states that if the elected representatives are not pleasing the stockholders in an appropriate manner, then they have the corporate democracy power in turning the board out. Hence, there is no solid foundation provided by the shareholder franchise for the justice of the directorial power which it actually has to supply. Commonly the shareholders will not have all the viable powers for replacing the directors of the private companies. The challenges of conducting the elections are rare and the risks taken for replacing through the false contest is very low. For placing the corporate governance on the solid foundations and to restore the accountability the shareholder franchise should be brought into reality. The main aim of this article is to understand the entrepreneurial orientation of the system of the franchise and its impact on the relationship quality of the franchisor-franchisee. For its independence, it has been given the forces that are conflicting with the standardization or the uniformity and the desire of the franchise. For the future franchise, it has conducted a survey by collecting the data from the sampling of the franchises which are operating in the UK (Kavaliausk? Vaiginien?, 2011). The survey involved the mail questionnaire through the cross-sectional research designs. The hypothesis that is stated in this study was tested with the help of using the regression analysis. From the results, it is evident that the entrepreneurial orientation was positively and suggestively related to the quality of the relationship. In addition to this the relationship quality is found to have the positive impact if the recruitment of the entrepreneurial franchises was done. For encouraging the entrepreneurial activities the structural support systems have been used by the franchisors of the franchise, but it was not found to be reasonable for the relationship between the EO and the relationship quality. It is suggested from the results that the systems which are with EO and the entrepreneurial franchises might enjoy the better relations in the future expansion (Koen, Bertels Elsum, 2011). For many decades, most of the franchising research has leveraged one of the following three theoretical milestones which include the scarcity of resources, agency theory and the symbiosis for answering the queries of franchising. New theories are developed by the current franchising researchers who are investigating the examined aspects of franchising and are exploring on the conceptual factors which will shape its usage (International Franchise Association, 2010). The article that is considered under this special issue is the new directions in the future franchising. Three milestones which form the theoretical foundation have been introduced in the todays new direction which summarizes the issues and its implications and also explains why the entrepreneurship researchers are positioned well in advancing their knowledge of franchising. From the agency theory, it is depicted that franchising is the solution for any kind of agency problem. To monitor the actions of the managers of the company who are working in the distant locations is quite costly. In contrast to this, the franchise contracts will give the franchises the residual chains in the profits of the outlet so they work without requiring any monitoring from the franchisor (International Franchise Association, 2010). The major implications from the observations of Rubins are that franchising has to occur in chains where the decisions quality of the local managers will be hard to evaluate and where the distance location make the direct observation costlier. The literature review and the meta-analysis are in support with the explanations of the agency theory of franchising. Research gaps If the research in this particular area advances, then there would be the need of recognizing the interface with respect to the other domains of research in the SME and the entrepreneurship research. For instance, the significant links are highlighted from the UK studies between the franchising and the small businesses (Dant Grnhagen, 2014). Systematically, the range of issues should be expanded that are subjected to the franchise research, for example for the more complex governance structures that are developed in Australia include the theoretical foundations, adoption of the franchise for the portfolios of brand, merging and acquisition of the investor behavior, etc. which are found to be the initial gaps in the research that have been identified from the articles. Conclusion From the articles, the broad areas of the research have been identified in franchising from all the aspects. There is a gradual shift from the narrow focusing of the businesses to the descriptive and the scoping studies to the excess studies in the different areas from 2000 onwards such as experience internationally, the motivations, knowledge, governance, the service quality, etc. few of which were identified. The censuses surveys were utilized by most of the studies which are based on the case approach and consequently highly advanced method quantitatively have been incorporated into the sector as it matured. References Barthlemy, J. (2008). Opportunism, knowledge, and the performance of franchise chains. Strategic Management Journal, 29(13), 1451-1463 Bebchuk, L. A. (2007). The myth of the shareholder franchise. Virginia Law Review, 675-732 Cochet, O., Garg, V. K. (2008). How do franchise contracts evolve? A study of three German SMEs.Journal of Small Business Management,46(1), 134-151 Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L.,( 2014). International business. Pearson Australia. Combs, J. G., Ketchen Jr, D. J., Short, J. C. (2011). Franchising research: major milestones, new directions, and its future within entrepreneurship.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,35(3), 413-425 Dant, R. P., Grnhagen, M. (2014). International franchising research: Some thoughts on the what, where, when, and how. Journal of Marketing Channels, 21(3), 124-132. Davies, M. A., Lassar, W., Manolis, C., Prince, M., Winsor, R. D. (2011). A model of trust and compliance in franchise relationships.Journal of Business Venturing,26(3), 321-340. Elenurm, T., Ennulo, J., Laar, J. (2007). Structures of motivation and entrepreneurial orientation in students as the basis for differentiated approaches in developing human resources for future business initiatives.EBS Review, (23). Gitman, L., McDaniel, C. (2007).The future of business: the essentials. Cengage Learning Kavaliausk?, M., Vaiginien?, E. (2011). Franchise Business Development Model: Theoretical Considerations.Verslas: teorija ir praktika, (4), 323-331 Koen, P. A., Bertels, H. M., Elsum, I. R. (2011). The three faces of business model innovation: challenges for established firms.Research-Technology Management,54(3), 52-59 International Franchise Association. (2010). 2012 Franchise Business Economic Outlook Trappey, C. V., Trappey, A. J. (2015). Collective intelligence applied to legal e-discovery: A ten-year case study of Australia franchise and trademark litigation. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 29(4), 787-798.

The History Of The Internet Analysis Essay Example For Students

The History Of The Internet Analysis Essay The History of the InternetGreg Rice4/25/00The Internet has update the computer and communications world like nothing before. The invention of the telegraph, telephone, radio, and computer set the stage for this unprecedented integration of capabilities. The Internet is at once a world-wide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information distribution, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic location. The Internet represents one of the most successful examples of the benefits of sustained investment and commitment to research and development of information infrastructure. Beginning with the early research in packet switching, the government, industry and academia have been partners in evolving and deploying this exciting new technology. Over its fifteen year history, the Internet has functioned as a collaboration among cooperating parties. Certain key functions have been critical for its operation, not the least of which is the specification of the protocols by which the components of the system operate. To get to the origins of the Internet, we have to go back in time to 1957. You probably have no cause to remember, but it was International Geophysical Year, a year dedicated to gathering information about the upper atmosphere during a period of intense solar activity. Eisenhower announced in 1955 that, as part of the activities, the USA hoped to launch a small Earth orbiting sate llite. Then Kremlin announced that it hoped to do likewise. Planning in America was focussed on a sophisticated three stage rocket, but in Russia they took a more direct approach, on 4 October 1957 the USSR launched (a 70 kgs bleeping sphere the size of a medicine ball) into Earth orbit. The effect in the United States was electrifying, since it seemed overnight to wipe out the feeling on invulnerability the country had enjoyed since the explosion of the first nuclear bomb thirteen years before. One of the immediate reactions was the creation of the Advanced Research Projects Agency within the Ministry of Defense. Its mission was to apply state-of-the-art technology to US defense and to avoid being surprised (again!) by technological advances of the enemy. It was also given interim control of the US satellite program until the creation of NASA in October 1958. ARPA became the technological think-tank of the American defense effort, employing directly a couple of hundred top scientis ts and with a budget sufficient for sub-contracting research to other top American institutions. Although the advanced computing would come to dominate its work, the initial focus of ARPAs activities were on space, ballistic missiles and nuclear test monitoring. Even so, from the start ARPA was interested in communicating between its operational base and its sub-contractors, preferably through direct links between its various computers. In October 1972 ARPANET went public. At the First International Conference on Computers and Communication, held in Washington DC, ARPA scientists demonstrated the system in operation, linking computers together from 40 different locations. This stimulated further research in scientific community throughout the Western World. Soon other networks would appear. We will write a custom essay on The History Of The Internet Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Here we have the first true computer network. Since it is all still fairly basic, it is worth considering the underlying principles have basically remained the same (even if they, mercifully, operate far faster and look much prettier). We start off with a passive terminal and an active host, a keyboard and a computer. They are linked together by a cable. By typing in commands recognized by a computer, you can use the programs stored in its computer, access its files (and modify them and print them out as desired). Most people can envisage this arrangement within a single building, or complex of buildings. The original ARPANET grew into the Internet. The Internet was based on the idea that there would be multiple independent networks of rather arbitrary design, beginning with the ARPANET as the pioneering packet switching network, but soon to include packet satellite networks, ground-based packet radio networks and other networks. The Internet as we now know it embodies a key underlyi ng technical idea, namely that of open architecture networking. In this approach, the choice of any individual network technology was not dictated by a particular network architecture but rather could be selected freely by a provider and made to interwork with the other networks through a meta-level Internetworking Architecture. Up until that time there was only one general method for federating networks. This was the traditional circuit switching method where networks would interconnect at the circuit level, passing individual bits on a synchronous basis along a portion of an end-to-end circuit between a pair of end locations. Recall that Kleinrock had shown in 1961 that packet switching was a more efficient switching method. Along with packet switching, special purpose interconnection arrangements between networks were another possibility. While there were other limited ways to interconnect different networks, they required that one be used as a component of the other, rather than acting as a peer of the other in offering end-to-end service. .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 , .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 .postImageUrl , .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 , .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140:hover , .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140:visited , .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140:active { border:0!important; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140:active , .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140 .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u99e32508a4d599e383d57cda71334140:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Family Values EssayIn order to access another computer, at a completely different facility, we have first to reach it. This was usually done in these times over a (high speed) telephone line (or lines). Once you arrive at the new host you have to convince it to treat you in the same way as someone behind a terminal within its own system. Hence the need of an interface message processor (IMP) and for the same IMP to be installed in both computers! Now you can access its files. Of course, order to preserve confidentiality, all computers differentiated between open files and those that were password protected. So far, the nets development was almost entirely science-led. All this time, however, we must remember that parallel advances in computer capacities and speeds (not to mention the introduction of glass-fiber cables into communications networks) were enabling the system to expand. This expansion, in its turn, started to produce supply constraints, which stimulated further advances. By the early 1980s, when the internet proper started operation, it was already beginning to face problems created by its own success. First, there were more computer hosts linked to the net than had originally been envisaged (in 1984 the number of hosts topped 1000 for the first time) and, second, the volume of traffic per host was much larger (mainly because of the phenomenal success of e-mail). Increasingly predictions were voiced that the entire system would eventually grind to a halt. The World Wide Web is a network of sites that can be searched and retrieved by a special protocol known as a Hypertext Transfer protocol (HTTP). The protocol simplified the writing of a ddresses and automatically searched the internet for the address indicated and automatically called up the document for viewing. Designed in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee and scientists at CERN (Geneva), the European center for High Energy Physics, who were interested in making easier to retrieve research documentation. A year later he had developed a browser/editor program and had coined the name World Wide Web as a name for the program. The program is released free on an ftp site. This doesnt sound very dramatic but anyone used to the hassle of getting documents previously will testify that it represented a major leap forward. Once the entire dial- and retrieve-language had been simplified, the next step was to design an improved browser, a system which allowed the links to be hidden behind text (using a Hypertext Markup Language, HTML) and activated by a click with the mouse. The Internet has become a test bed for development of other protocols. Since there was no lower level OSI infrastructure available, Marshall Rose proposed that the Internet could be used to try out X.400 and X.500. In RFC 1006, he proposed that we emulate TP0 on top of TCP, and so there was a conscious decision to help higher-level OSI protocols to be deployed in live environments before the lower-level protocols were available. It seems likely that the Internet will continue to be the environment of choice for the deployment of new protocols and for the linking of diverse systems in the academic, government, and business sectors for the remainder of this decade and well into the next. ;#61623; The Internet Activities Board, Vinton Cerf ; May 1990;#61623; Charter of the Internet Architecture Board; C. Huitema; Mar. 1994. ;#61623; The Internet Standards Process Revision 3; S. Bradner; 9 Oct. 1996. Category: Technology

affimative action essays

affimative action essays The Controversy of Affirmative Action Is affirmative action the right and fair way of dealing with differences in opportunity and education in a societys population? Everyone has their own opinion of affirmative action and the results it manifests. One who does believe affirmative action is a fair policy would react in a way like this, Todays opponents of affirmative action decry its practice of gender and minority group preferences and call for a return to the color-blind and merit-based policies of the past (Raskin 22). On the other hand, those who do not believe that affirmative action is fair and brings out the best in the world would believe so: Affirmative action is simply another name for racial preferences. As a policy, it affronts the most treasured American values-those of fairness and individualism (Puddington70). Affirmative action may be an unfair way of dealing with differences and may cause certain parts of a societys population to be denied access. There are many different types of affirmative action in a discriminatory way, including: age, disability, gender, nationality, race/ethnicity and religion. President Lyndon Johnson signed an executive order requiring federal contractors to undertake affirmative action to increase the number of minorities employed. President Nixon added to this order by declaring affirmative action programs should include women. Another very important time in the history of the United States was when Governor Pete Wilson of California filed suit against many state agencies and commissions overseen by his office and against minority and women professional and civil rights groups challenging the affirmative action program in the state of California. Statistics reveal that white males continue to monopolize high status position in society, proving that discrimination continues to persist and that affirmative action is warra...

lord of flies essays

lord of flies essays A running theme in Lord of the Flies is that man is savage at heart, always ultimately reverting back to an evil and primitive nature. The cycle of man's rise to power, or righteousness, and his inevitable fall from grace is an important point that book proves again and again, often comparing man with characters from the Bible to give a more vivid picture of his descent. Lord Of The Flies symbolizes this fall in different manners, ranging from the illustration of the mentality of actual primitive man to the reflections of a corrupt seaman in purgatory. The novel is the story of a group of boys of different backgrounds who are marooned on an unknown island when their plane crashes. As the boys try to organize and formulate a plan to get rescued, they begin to separate and as a result of the dissension a band of savage tribal hunters is formed. Eventually the "stranded boys in Lord of the Flies almost entirely shake off civilized behavior: (Riley 1: 119). When the confusion finally leads to a manhunt [for Ralph], the reader realizes that despite the strong sense of British character and civility that has been instilled in the youth throughout their lives, the boys have backpedaled and shown the underlying savage side existent in all humans. "Golding senses that institutions and order imposed from without are temporary, but man's irrationality and urge for destruction are enduring" (Riley 1: 119). The novel shows the reader how easy it is to revert back to the evil nature inherent in man. If a group of well-conditioned school boys can ultimately wind up committing various extreme travesties, one can imagine what adults, leaders of society, are capable of doing under the pressures of trying to maintain world relations. In the novel, Simon is a peaceful lad who tries to show the boys that there is no monster on the island except the fears that the boys have. "Simon tries to state the truth: ...

Two cases write up Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Two cases write up - Coursework Example The first group comprising of 12 million investors want to pass on investment decision burden on other. The next group consisting of 3 million investors are able to take their own investment decisions. The leftover 15 million investors need proper advice and education for investment proposes. The primary requirement of the customers of Schwab is price and the corresponding security of their invested money. Trust is the most important component that builds customers’ confidence, which can be achieved by providing quality services. Therefore, the customers want lower price from Schwab for the services, information and advice it provides regarding the investment. The business model for Charles Schwab Corporation is based on transaction. The core operation area of the company is to provide services to the investors. The services provided by Schwab can be termed as financial services for investment purposes. Specifically, it provides financial services related to security brokerage. In order to develop conventional business model, it has introduced several innovative technology in service model to cater to its customers. This has lead to significant growth of the company. For convenient services, it has developed ‘telebroker’, ‘Schwablink’, ‘eSchwab’ and ‘onesource’. Schwab generates its revenue from the brokerage commission paid by its client for investment transitions. With the help of its conventional business model, it has been able to offer services like brokerages at a lower commission. In 1991, it became famous as low-cost broker. It made forward integration by purchasing Mayer and Schweitzer which helped the company to reduce bid-ask spreads. The company earns around 50% of its revenue from its commissions, 13% from principle transaction and rest from mutual fund services and interest revenue. During the late 1990s, the popularity of the internet increased significantly which revolutionised

Importance the Binary Gender System for People Essay

Importance the Binary Gender System for People - Essay Example That was the point when I began noticing that the society had different expectations for males and females. This was reinforced in different ways. With my parents ever warning me not to copy the behaviors of my twin brother, she kept emphasizing that I had to do things like a girl and not like a boy. Although I was well aware of the different expectations, I did not understand why such expectations existed. This means that the binary gender system began to influence my life long before I knew anything about it. This essay will describe my personal experience in a gendered world. I have so many memories of my childhood. I remember when I was three years old, I developed a weird obsession for car toys. My mother did not approve of my growing interest in car toys. She kept insisting that only my brother was allowed to play with them. She encouraged me to keep playing with my baby dolls because that was the expected conduct of girls at that age. As I grew older, my mother would invite me to the kitchen to help her with the little chores I could handle. Rarely did she call my brother to the kitchen. I always wondered why my mother did not want my brother to participate in the kitchen activities. In the evenings when my father came home, my brother would spend time with him and they would occasionally watch football together. This explains why at the age of 10 years, I could comfortably wash utensils while my brother did not have any idea of how utensils are washed. At that age, I was interested in dressing like a boy. There were many times when my mother had to i nsist that I have to dress like a girl. My brother seemed to be very comfortable with meeting my mother’s expectations of him as a boy (Ember 34). At the age of 10, my brother literary felt older than me, although we were twins as mentioned above. Without the doubt, he had begun to adopt the patriarchal thinking exhibited by many males in the society. Â  

The American Dream in Death of a Salesman Essay Example for Free

The American Dream in Death of a Salesman Essay Consideration of colour, text size and font Present an analysis of issues and ideas linked to your class texts and areful choice of hyperlinks relating to these subjects Visual representations of your chosen and ideas Character section should profile one charcter from each of your texts, detailing their background, interests, etc Compose a blog with at least three messages on a topic relevant to an issue linked to your study ISSUES : The American Dream The American Dream is an issue portrayed through different aspects and characters in Death of a Salesman. Through the play, failed visions of the American Dream are contrasted with the successful ones, highlighting the abstract quality and implications of such delusions. Willy is unable to accept the disparity between his belief in his diminutive version of the dream and his own life. The failure of Willy’s dream is indicative of the fact that the bewildered circle of American society has broken down his personal relationships, and also that the society is unstable. This reveals the tragic side of the American Dream, where it does not bring anticipation, but affliction. In contrary to this, the play also demonstrates the prosperous version of the American Dream, through Willy’s brother, Ben, whose wealth is an example of tangible success. Ben is not alive and is a figment of Willy’s troubled imagination. He gloats and says, ‘Why, boys, when I was seventeen I walked into the jungle, and when I was twenty-one I walked out. And by God, I was rich!’ The material wealth and pervasiveness of capitalism in American society drives Ben into giving up his intention of looking for his father, and instead, flourishing economically. Willy associates Ben with qualities that he himself severely lacks Realtiy vs Illusion Willy has dreams of material success, notoriety and has a misguided notion of the American Dream. These hopes dwarf the other aspects of his mentality and ultimately result in a psychological descent. He is then unable to distinguish his wild dreams and unattainable goals from the harsh reality of the present. Willy attempts to convince his sons that he is well-liked: ‘ and know me,boys, they know me up and down New England†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This demonstrates that he is discernibly delusional, as he is neither well-liked nor known. The pressure of striving for success becomes evident in Willy, where he becomes immoral, harsh and illogical. His intense desire for gaining respect results in reliving past memories and triumphs to boost his ego, which is adopted by his family, much to their detriment. His son Biff suffers through immense embarrassment and shame derived from his father’s failed hopes, distorting his own sense of purpose and reality. The Loman’s all live in a world of illusions, and their issues mostly revolve around Willy. Linda encourages Willy’s inflated sense of self by providing false compliments and the negative aspects of his personality. Abandonment and Betrayal The issues of abandonment and betrayal are prominent in Death of a Salesman. Willy Loman’s father and brother abandoned him as a child, leaving him emotionally unstable. This rendered him to be extremely deficient in terms of nurturing his children and emotional comfort. The betrayal from such a young age resulted in a lack of morals and an unhealthy perception of life, which would most likely have been non-existent with the presence of a father figure. Willy is evidently desperate for memories of his father: ‘No, Ben! Please tell me about Dad.’ As his fear of abandonment grows, Willy attempts to raise flawless children, reflecting his inability to understand reality. Even though he is set on Biff’s imminent success, Biff betrays him and he refuses to accept his father’s unattainable, dementia-driven dreams for him. Another example of betrayal in Death of a Salesman is when Willy, who fears betrayal from his family, ironically betrays Linda, by having an affair with another woman and also buying stockings for her. At this time, stockings were expensive and Willy’s unfaithfulness to his wife was shown when he bought stockings for a strange woman, rather than for Linda. At the end of the play, Willy ends up abandoning his own family, by committing suicide. SUMMARY ‘Death of a Salesman’ is a tragic play which explores the concept of material success, reputation and dreams. Willy Loman is a man who is chasing his unattainable goals and whose mind lives in the past. His mind is set on materialistic achievements, so much that his dreams are passed on to his family, as well. The Lomans are a family of delusional people – a family of lies and deceit. In the end, Willy is unable to abstain from reality anymore, and ultimately, results in him committing suicide. This play demonstrates the effect of the ‘American Dream’ and how people’s dreams can be shattered by false promises in their business lives and also their personal relationships. Willy LOMAN – character profile Name: Willy Loman Age: 45-55 years old Present Family: Linda Loman, Biff Loman, Happy Loman Profession: He has been a traveling salesman of the lowest position for 34 years Interests and goals: His dream is to become like Dave Singleman, who was a very popular salesman. He wants to be successful in life, and to be known to everyone as a great salesman. Background: His father and his brother abandoned him as an infant.

Expanation Of A Rose For Emily :: essays research papers

“A Rose for Emily'; William Faulkner wrote the short story “A Rose for Emily';. It was published in 1930. The story was set in the Deep South, Jefferson to be precise. The time period was from 1884 to 1920. Emily Grierson was the main character in the story. Faulkner uses characterization to revel the character of Emily, he expresses the content of her character through physical description, through her actions, words, and feelings, through a narrator’s direct comments about the character’s nature and through the actions, words, and feelings of other characters. In the story “A Rose for Emily';, the main conflict was an external one, it was Emily Grierson versus society. The protagonist in the story was the town in which Emily lived in. Society expected her to behave in a certain way; like a lady because of the family background she came from. She apparently was raised in a wealthy family. The town saw Emily as “a fallen monument'; after her death (414). When she was alive, the town thought of her as “a tradition, a duty, and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town';(414). The town had no chose but to deal with Emily. When the town started to change Emily refused to do so and it was apparent that the town saw her house as “an eyesore among eyesores';(414). The town was very interested in her relationship with Homer Barron a foreman that was working on the contract for paving the sidewalks in the town. They were pleased at first but later they kind of had mixed feelings saying that she as “a Grierson would not think seriously of a Northerner, a day laborer';(417). Emily is the antagonist in the story, she is stuck in time, she absolutely refuses to change despite the fact that society was changing around her. She lives as a recluse for many years “No visitor had passed since she ceased giving china painting lessons eight or then years ago';(414). Emily removed herself from society through her actions “after her father’s death, she went out very little; after her sweetheart went away, people hardly saw her at all';(415). After the death of her father, Emily’s push against society was stronger than ever. This was evident with the tax situation, she did not want to pay her taxes because she had them remitted in the past and wasn’t going to change that fact.

Learning objectives Essay

1. After completing the lesson, the student will be able to analyze the question and build their own formula for them to answer and solve that problem. 2. After this unit, the student will have to recognize the meaning of that certain topic and state or identify it by their own interpretation. 3. By completing the activities, the student will provide a plan on every situation that challenge on them and organize it to reach their goals. 4. After the year, the student will recall the information of the lesson and it will easy for them to analyze every concept into components. 5. At the conclusion of the study, the student will make a percipients on how important the objective of the lesson and select an effective solution for their problem by using computer. Student’s Learning Objectives â€Å"Psychomotor Domain† 1. After completing the lesson, the student will able to follow instruction to notice the problem and for them to figure out the trouble encountered. 2. After this unit, the student will recognize one’s abilities and limitations and acts upon a sequence of steps in a process. 3. By completing the activities, the student will properly use computers, and repair simple problem, materially or psychologically. 4. After the year, the student will responds effectively to unexpected experiences and modifies instruction to meet their needs. 5. At the conclusion of the study, the student will construct their own theory, and will improve creativity based upon highly developed skills. Student’s Learning Objectives â€Å"Affective Domain† 1. After completing the lesson, the student will listen to other with respect and remember what other people open up. 2. After this unit, the student will show their ability to solve problems and provide a plan for the improvement of everybody. 3. By completing the activities, the student will differentiate the importance of freedom and responsibilities, and accept responsibilities for the progress of others. 4. After the year, the student will show his/her capability when working independently, and cooperates in a group that shows teamwork. 5. At the conclusion of the study, the student will values people for what they are, not how they look.

Case Study Homework: Pepsi-Lipton Brisk Essay

Questions: 1. Should Brisk be advertised on primetime TV or with viral ads in the months following the Super Bowl ad? What are the benefits of each media What are the costs? In this case, since the budget is limited, the viral ads are more doable for Brisk. The benefits of TV ads: * Broader audience TV has better mass appeal than other forms of advertising for a number of reasons. Some watch the TV to stay abreast with the latest financial information, while others simply enjoy viewing comedy shows, dramas, sport shows and news. This is a great way to advertise your goods and products as it reaches a wider audience from different backgrounds. * It is intrusive While some consider intrusiveness as harmful, but for those involved in advertising it’s a great opportunity to reach the target audience. Although some viewers may be offended by many commercials, many will never miss their show after the commercial. Therefore, this allows you to reach a wider audience. * A variety of communication techniques Radio advertisers are only able to appeal to those who have their senses of hearing. On the other hand, television uses both senses of vision and hearing. Appealing to the audience of both senses can help to reinforce your campaign. For instance, a price is spoken on radio and then made better on television . * Better viewing time According to recent statistics, the average person watches TV for almost an hour every day, which is far more than one spends reading the magazine or  listening to radio. Unlike radio, TV viewers enjoy a variety of commercials without interruption whatsoever, thus it is a great way to reach the target audience. Even though advertising is a flexible form of advertisement, it is slightly expensive than other advertising methods such as the radio. The benefits of Viral ads: * Easy to execute. There are several methods of sending viral contents or messages and all of them are easy to do. Among those methods are sending email, instant messaging, and using web sites. Sending viral messages through these media will not take much effort and time. * Low-cost. As compared to sending direct mails, viral marketing proves to be cheaper and a more cost-effective method. With just a little investment on viral advertising, its power can reach even hundreds of thousands of people as compared to spending the same amount of money to traditional advertising methods. That is because the only money to spend is for sending the initial set of viral contents, then forwarding or replicating the message will not require additional costs anymore. * Good targeting. With viral marketing, there is a huge probability that the message will reach people that are interested in it. Since the concept of viral marketing is essentially passing on a message from a user to another person, most likely, the user will pass it to a person whom he knows will be interested in it. Thus, the percentage of wasted advertising, which is sending the message to the wrong market, will be reduced. * High and rapid response rate. Since viral marketing reaches a good number of the business’ target market, there is also a big possibility to have a high turnover ratio. Even if the responses will not immediately convert into profits, there will still be huge traffic that the business will receive which is what most web owners want. 2. How are ways in which target consumers view ads in each media different? Which differences matter most to the protagonists? Can these consumer behaviors be factored into a single measure that helps the protagonists compare the benefits of each media? TV consumers view ads increasingly savvy at turning out TV ads, 50% of them skipped through most of the ads. Online consumers are interested in this new way of ad and only 29% of them skipped the online video ads. This figure alone cannot become the single measure that helps the protagonists compare the benefits of each media because many other factors  influence the outcome of these media. 3. Which of the four ad concepts should Mary Barnard and Marisol Tamaro choose? What elements matter? The forth concept should be taken.  The celebrity endorsement is the key to success. The forth concept star black and white Claymation versions of popular celebrities or characters. The storytelling is the key in the online ads. The forth tell a well-known story and that’s guarantee for expending and sharing. 4. What does Mekanism mean by engagement? How do they attempt to increase engagement with the brand using viral ads? The engagement refers to the viewers and the ones who share the online ad video. They have two main ways to increase engagement: Storytelling and syndicating video online. Optional Readings * BMW vs. Audi: The Best Media Plan on Four Wheels? http://adage.com/article/mediaworks/advertising-bmw-audi-media-plan/145990/ * How Little Brands Land Big Bang for their Buck http://adage.com/article/news/brands-land-big-bang-buck/230850/?utm_source=daily_email&utm_medium=newsletter&utm_campaign=adage * The Rush to Digital http://adage.com/article/small-agency-diary/digital-ad-strategy-lead-lower-brand-awareness/231800/?utm_source=daily_email&utm_medium=newsletter&utm_campaign=adage * Nielsen Offers Cross-Platform Ratings http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/18/new-nielsen-ratings-to-measure-tv-and-online-ads-together/?scp=1&sq=Nielsen%20Cross%20platform&st=Search

Service User Participation Myth Or Reality Social Work Essay Essays

Service User Participation Myth Or Reality Social Work Essay Essays Service User Participation Myth Or Reality Social Work Essay Essay Service User Participation Myth Or Reality Social Work Essay Essay As with all my past assignments, I have been aware non to utilize any names of service users or so the name of the administration I am employed by to keep namelessness and protect the confidentiality of the service users who avail of the service. This assignment has non required the aid of any service users or information from the bureau, hence, namelessness is non of issue in this piece of work, and I have non needed to inquire for their consent. The past 10 old ages have seen more acknowledgment and credence of the right of service users to take part in developing societal attention, particularly given the new duties that cardinal authorities legislative and policy enterprises have placed on administrations to confer with service users. As a consequence, service users are progressively asked to take portion in the planning, proviso and rating of services. This has created involvement in what works in engagement and why. Therefore, this assignment will look at issues around service user engagement, in peculiar, I will specify the footings participation , and service user , expression at the history of engagement, analyse Arnsteins ladder and its utilizations for engagement, good pattern and barriers to engagement, which shall include theory and research, to complete one shall discourse what is the deduction of engagement to societal work pattern. Service user engagement has emerged more so in the last 30 old ages as a cardinal characteristic in societal work policy, pattern, research and instruction. The accent on democracy in the UK over the past century has implied that members of society have a right to take part in civil life, and this accent on engagement has bit by bit been extended to public services ( Taylor et al 2004 ) . Service user engagement has been a cardinal subject in the modernization docket when defining and development services, it has besides been highlighted within recent statute law to affect service users in every facet of attention planning, bringing and reappraisal, besides in the engagement of service users and carers in the reform of societal work instruction ( Warren, 2009 ) . Service user engagement has been influenced by a figure of societal policy theories including consumerism, citizenship, human rights based theories and societal justness attacks, all have helped to organize a model for current pattern in service user engagement ( Abel et al, 2007 ) . However this country is a extremely complex and contested country with small research into how engagement really works in pattern, although there are many published plants on how engagement should be achieved but non how the result of engagement has been achieved. This is because the specifying the footings participation and service user can be hard to specify because of linguistic communication used and are subjective, for illustration, one person may depict themselves as something different to another. What is a service user? Beresford ( 2005, p471 ) states that Service user has tended to develop as a generic term to depict people who receive, have received or are eligible for wellness and societal attention services, peculiarly on a longer term footing . Beresford ( 2000, P489 ) besides highlights the term service user as debatable because it views people chiefly in footings of their usage of services, which may non be how they would specify themselves . A service user Tyler ( 2006 ) states that Being termed a service user is meaningless to anyone if it does non see the individual behind the label. Although I am proud of whom I am, what I have achieved and bask being me, it is of import that people see the bigger image of who I am . The label service user applies to us all, we all use services, some persons more than others which allow them to portion their single ideas and experiences to profit others. Determining our lives ( 2003 ) give their ain definition and depict this as the term service user can be used to curtail their individuality as if all they are is a inactive receiver of wellness and public assistance services they go to state that this do it look that the most of import thing about them is that they use or have used services and ignores other things that make a individual who they are . This definition indicates that persons are people foremost and thier commonalty of utilizing services and their shared experiences can assist to do betterments to services. However, each person s positions are different to each other s depending on their experiences and hence are non a homogeneous group. What is Participation? The Oxford lexicon ( 2010 ) defines engagement as the act of taking portion in something. However, ( Braye 2000, p9 ) states that the linguistic communication of engagement is complex ; the same term means different things to different people, and the same construct may be known as a figure of footings , such as partnership, engagement, and working together and coaction. Karen Healey ( 2000 ) has, for case, claimed that there is no cosmopolitan definition of user engagement or user engagement. The construct must ever be placed in a context. User engagement is therefore construed and perceived otherwise in different contexts. Public, societal and single. Involve understanding engagement. Engagement can include affecting the service user in the appraisal of their demands ; guaranting that their wants and feelings are taken into history, besides in the planning of services required, an illustration of this can be seen in direct payment and single budgets, and besides in the reviewing of attention programs and within meetings where determinations are to be made, this is specifically true in kids s services. The UN Convention ( 1989 ) on the right of the kid states Child engagement is the right of the every kid , and article twelve provinces Children have the right to be heard and considered in determinations impacting them ( unicef, 2009 ) . In this context partnership does non merely mention to working with other professionals and bureaus but besides working aboard service users and carers as equal spouses. Thompson ( 2000 ) high spots, societal work intercession involves the exercising of power, which if used negatively can reenforce the disadvantages that service u sers experience. Used positively nevertheless power can assist to heighten the working relationship, the results, and authorise the service user. Finally, engagement in strategic planning and service development, research and in the design and execution of statute law, for illustration, our wellness, our attention, our say ( Department of Health ( 2005 ) . Warren ( 2009, p6 ) states that participation, partnership, engagement, and working together are frequently used to encapsulate a broad scope of different thoughts and activities. These footings may sometimes be used interchangeably or can hold different significances for different people, there being no universally accepted definition . This besides states that this is a postmodernist position and that linguistic communication shapes our positions of world. If it is true that there is no understanding in how to specify engagement and it is subjective, comparative and is socially constructed, so engagement could be seen as a procedure instead than an result of intercession which so informs of the ground why there is small research into engagement and measuring results. For illustration, if the research is assessed in quantitative, numeral signifiers, such as inquiring how many persons have turned up to a meeting and got involved, it does non take into history that presence does non intend engagement, engagement can be done in so many other ways. For old ages now Arnstein s ladder ( 1969 ) has informed the pattern of engagement, and has been a cardinal papers in this country. Arnsteins ladder consists of 8 rounds arranged in a ladder form with each round matching to the extent of citizens power in finding the terminal merchandise ; hence, it focuses on the redistribution of power in citizen engagement in a hierarchical society. ( Arnstein, 1969 ) The purpose to engagement is to accomplish a echt partnership between the service user and bureau and although the ladder is a utile tool to find if the results are being achieved and that the bureau is non take parting in the rounds of tokenism or non engagement ( Dungey et al, 2007 ) . However, the undermentioned position of engagement suggest that Arnsteins ladder has for a long clip now gone uncontested and when looking at engagement we should take a critical stance on Arnsteins ladders and seek out other methods in order to be better informed. Tritter and McCallum ( 2006, p156 ) province that despite its importance in determining thought, this theoretical account continues to be applied uncritically , and argues that for Arnstein, the exclusive step of engagement is power to do determinations and prehending this control is the true purpose of citizen battle . Thus, the different rounds on the ladder relate straight to the grade to which citizens have attained determination doing power with complete citizen control being defined as the highest point ( Tritter and McCallum 2006, p157 ) . However, the battle of user engagement is complex and persons will explicate their ain significances and action that reflect in their ain positions of what engagement is and how they want to affect themselves. For illustration, a service user can take part and consequence determinations without really holding to hold the power to do a determination, and hence, Arnsteins ladder is constrained by a specific conceptualization of activism, su ch as hierarchies of power and that engagement should be procedures that are authorising and enabling at four degrees: system, administration, community, and single ( Tritter and McCallum, 2006 ) . Collins et Al ( 2006 ) besides agrees with this and suggests that Arnstein s ladder, with its focal point on power, is deficient for doing sense of engagement at a conceptual or pattern degree. Warren ( 2009, p50 ) states that different degrees of engagement of may be appropriate for different persons and groups of service users and carers at different times and contexts . Therefore, the ladder does non recognize the diversity of services users who may seek different degree of engagement in relation to different issues and at different times, it merely recognises the hierarchy of power which assumes that service users have a end and a step of this is non accomplishing full power and small chance to measure the person or groups engagement. Thompson ( 2000 ) discusses that power can be a complex issue that operates on different degrees. Quinney ( 2009, p33 ) states that shared power is a non hierarchal construction where power is shared but duty and answerability demands to be clear. Power sharing can be hard to negociate and is complicated by power being located and experienced at the personal, professional, and social degree . When service suppliers seek to affect service users, they frequently do so in order to derive feedback so that they can do alterations and betterments to their services. What this rule asserts is that attacks to engagement should besides be designed so that service users are personally empowered by the experience. In other words, there should be a bipartisan, instead than a one-way benefit. A good illustration of where things can travel incorrect in footings of engagement is when service users feel that their positions have non been listened to or taken earnestly, which can hold the consequence of doing people experience disempowered instead than empowered. Adams et Al ( 2002 ) states that In order to accomplish meaningful communicating, the societal worker demands to be able to construct a relationship with trust ; the kernel of partnership is sharing. It is marked by regard for one another, function divisions, and rights to information, answerability, competency and value accorded to single input. Each spouse is seen as holding something to lend, power is shared, determinations are made jointly and functions are non merely respected but are besides backed by legal and moral rights ( Tunnard, 1991 ) . In an overview of research from SCIE, Carr ( 2004 ) suggests that people are being involved and take parting, nevertheless, this research shows that it is ill-defined to what degree and impact that persons have on result, which suggests that better monitoring and rating demand to be addressed with service user which integrates function and feedback in the whole engagement procedure. Crawford et Al ( 2002 ) point out that the ultimate end of service user engagement should be the publicity of wellness, quality of life, or overall user satisfaction with services. However, these results are frequently hard to mensurate, they can take a significant sum of clip to go apparent, and the nexus with the engagement of services users and carers can be hard to turn out . Overall, the grounds base is by and large weak in the country of rating of user and carer engagement. Few documents examine the results of user engagement for the assorted stakeholders and the existent result steps are ill conce ptualised ( Carroll et al, 2007 ) . The issues involved with researching service user engagement are complex and sentiments are frequently polarized as it is in its babyhood, with many practical, ethical, moral, methodological, and philosophical inquiry unanswered ( Grant et Al, 2007 ) . No set theoretical account of how to take part Although there are expressed demands to measure how commissioners and suppliers are affecting their users, nevertheless there are fewer centrally set marks to asses this. Truman and Raine ( 2002 ) claim that there has been a long tradition within the voluntary sector of centering the planning and bringing of services on the demands of users. However, how this is managed can take to tokenism, for illustration, a service may name themselves user led, but in fact when the information from service users is interpreted by workers/ directors this reading can be lost in linguistic communication ; A service may affect service users in planning meetings but when implemented in pattern the workers can utilize their ain reading of this. Tokenism occurs when an administration feels satisfied that it has ticked the boxes, yet the world is experient really otherwise by service users and carers. Heikkila and Julkunen ( 2003 ) province that user particiaption and user engagement have two really different significances and that engagement is implicative that service user activity has an impact on the service procedure in some manner, whereas, engagement suggests that service user are engagement in a activity merely as sources. INVOLVE WEBSITE PUBS 3 theoretical account societal single and social. Put this and what its about as a presentation to particaption. Look at all three and analyse. Research Barriers to engagement As Is have already discussed above power is the biggest barrier to engagement, there are many more barriers which need to be discussed. Barriers are historical, fiscal, physical and attitudinal. Kenyon Et Al, ( 2002 ) specify entree as the procedures by which people are prevented from take parting in the economic, political and societal life of the community because of decreased handiness to chances, services and societal webs, due in whole or in portion to deficient mobility in a society and environment built around the premise of high mobility. The reappraisals indicate that organizational civilization and construction besides needs to react and alter in order to suit new partnerships and new ways of working with people who have frequently been oppressed and marginalised. There are things to larn about advanced and corporate attacks to engagement and alteration from user-controlled administrations such as Centres for independent/inclusive life and self protagonism strategies. Administrations require policies and processs ( formulated with service users ) that engender positive political committedness and minimise opposition to user led alteration. User-led research could usefully uncover more about the function of professional Alliess in advancing alteration. Healey ( 2000 ) highlights the demand for us to recognize the productiveness of power, and argues that by concentrating on power as merely being oppressive ignores the positive dimensions of power. to be sensitive to the issues of power and instabilities to recognize the power instabilities Healey ( 2005 ) discusses the pattern rules and how the societal worker should follow a positive and optimistic attitude towards service users, working in partnership with them so solutions to jobs are developed collaboratively. Tokenism occurs when an administration feels satisfied that it has ticked the boxes, yet the world is experient really otherwise by service users and carers. It is besides indispensable to observe that user engagement takes topographic point on different degrees ( Truman A ; Raine 2002 ) , 1 ) at a national and local degree ; 2 ) in the planning, organizing and pull offing services ; and 3 ) in organizing single attention Barriers to engagement Good pattern Deductions for sw authorization, info sharing ECT Policy and statute law

Timeline for Applying to Medical School

Timeline for Applying to Medical School Although many students succeed in college despite waiting until the last minute to write papers and cram for exams, applying to medical school requires a great deal of time and an early start. The medical school admissions process is a marathon rather than a sprint. If you really want to win a spot in medical school you must plan ahead and carefully monitor your progress. The timeline below is a guide. Be sure to discuss your aspirations with your academic advisor and another faculty of your undergraduate program to ensure that you are on the right track given your unique circumstances. First Semester, Junior Year: Researching Medical Schools and Preparing for Exams As you enter the first semester of junior year in your undergraduate program, you should seriously begin considering if medical school is the right choice for you. Completing your graduate degree and residency programs are going to require a lot of time, concentration, motivation, and dedication to the craft so you should be absolutely certain this is the career path you want to pursue before investing the money and time in applying to medical school.   Once youve determined that you do want to pursue medicine, you should then determine what a  successful application  entails. Review course requirements and ensure that your transcript satisfies these minimums. You should focus on gaining clinical, community and volunteer experience to boost your application as these will set you apart from other applicants. During this time, it is important that you familiarize yourself with the  application process  and review the resources at the  Association of American Medical Colleges  site to gather information about medical schools. You should also find out how your school handles writing recommendation letters for medical school  as well as how to obtain one. For instance, some programs provide a committee letter written by several faculty members who collectively evaluate your potential for a career in medicine.   Finally, you should prepare for the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT). The MCAT is critical to your application, testing your knowledge of science and basic principles of medicine. Learn about its content and how it is administered.by studying material in biology, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry  and physics and by investing in MCAT prep books. You may also want to take  practice exams that can help you determine your strengths and weaknesses. Remember to register early if you plan to take the first test in January. Second Semester, Junior Year: Exams and Letters of Evaluation As early as January of your junior year, you can take the MCAT and finish off one portion of your application process. Fortunately, you may retake the test through the summer, but as always remember to register early because seats fill quickly. Its advisable that you take the MCAT in Spring, early enough to allow you to retake it if needed.   During the second semester, you should also request  letters of evaluation  either through a committee letter or a specific faculty who will write a personalized letter of recommendation. You may need to  prepare materials  for their evaluation such as your course load, resumà © and extracurricular involvement on and off campus.   By the end of the semester, you should finalize these letters and your list of medical schools you hope to apply to.  Request a copy of your transcript to ensure that there are no errors and that you have taken the range of courses required by all the programs youve chosen. During the summer, you should begin working on the  AMCAS application. It may be submitted as early as June with the first application deadline August 1 and application deadlines continuing through December. Make sure that you know the deadline dates for the schools you choose. First Semester, Senior Year: Completing Applications and Interviews You will only have a few more opportunities to retake the MCAT as you enter the senior year of your undergraduate degree. Once you have a score youre satisfied with, you should complete the AMCAS application and await follow-up from the institutions where youve applied to attend. If medical schools are interested in your application, they send secondary applications that contain additional questions. Again, take time writing your essays and seek feedback then submit your secondary applications. Also, dont forget to send thank you notes to faculty who wrote on your behalf to thank them but also to subtly remind them of your journey and need of their support.   Medical school interviews may begin as early as August but usually take place later in September and continue  into early spring. Prepare for interviews by considering what you may be asked and determining your own questions. As you get ready for this portion of the application process, it may be helpful to have friends or colleagues give you mock interviews. This will allow you a stress-free (relatively) test of how you might handle the real thing.   Second Semester, Senior Year: Acceptance or Rejection Schools will begin notifying applicants of their application status beginning in mid-October and continuing through spring, depending largely on whether or not you have had or will have an interview yet. If you are accepted, you can breathe a sigh of relief as you narrow your choices of schools that accepted you to the one school you will attend.   However, if you are waitlisted, you should update schools about new accomplishments. It is important during this time to check in on the status a few times throughout the end of the semester and especially in the summer. If on the other hand you are not accepted to medical school,  learn from your experience and consider your options and whether to apply again next year. As the semester and your degree program draw to a close, take a moment to relish in your accomplishments, pat yourself on the back and then select the one school that you want to attend. Then, its time to enjoy the summer - classes  begin as early as August.

Law and employment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Law and employment - Essay Example Analysis In the timber company, safety and other health issues were the primary issues of concern. In this particular company, it came to be established that most of the employees were not happy with the job their job and the conditions at work. The morale of the staff is actually very down. The result of this is that there is decreased productivity while the work is increasing on the other hand. There are some departments in the company where employees do not even last a year at work before they leave the organization. An example here is the gluing department. The primary reason for this shortfall is because of the grueling activities that are involved here. In most cases this results in injuries being sustained in the course of their duties. Another issue is that the members are not given orientation when they get to the company. Most of the people here have injured backs, broken fingers and even hernias. Death has also occurred in this particular department. There are several area s that need to be addressed in this particular company. The first one is to do with the work conditions of the employees. This is actually the main area which will determine whether the employees will achieve the expected results safely of not. The other area that needs to be addressed is to do with the job training of the employees. ... There is also the aspect of safety. Safety refers to the condition in which an individual knows that he or she is protected against any harm, be it physical, emotional or otherwise. It is the feeling or act of safeguarding oneself from a situation which may be perceived as undesirable especially in the case of a person’s security. There are several advantages or benefits which can be attributed to the fact that an individual is safe. One of these is the fact that a person will have peace of mind when knowing that nothing grave is going to happen to him or her. At the same time, a person is in a position to move around confidently. In a work environment, safety ensures that the employees are in a position to enact their duties well and perform up to the expected level. It is of significant essence to ensure that there are safety systems put in place in a work environment. One of the reasons for this is to be in compliance with some of the requisite standards maintained by organ izations. Safety in the firm also prevents financial or legal liability on the side of the firm. It also ensures that the workers are in a position to work well within the organization. A safety department is also charged with the responsibility of conducting checks at the work place in order to ensure the employees have the right working conditions. This department is also allocated the responsibility of identifying any flaws which may be existent in the organization with regards to aspects of safety. The customers of the firm in this case range from those who come to purchase their products in the company premises to those that are in other external markets. In the case of those who come to purchase their merchandise in the

Wholefoods Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wholefoods - Case Study Example In the pre-industrial period all foods were whole foods. After industrialization the distinction was made (â€Å"Wholefood†). Industry’s Businesses and Economic Traits: There are several companies doing businesses with whole foods. Among them the Whole Foods Market, Inc. is the largest in the US. Among other companies Wild Oats Markets Inc. was a big name. The Whole Foods Market is a highly successful business entity as a retailer. It has almost 172 stores in USA. It has the reputation for selling good quality products and in terms of the labour employments. Wal-Mart is another big name in the retailing business of whole foods. The main economic traits of this industry is that these retailers purchase products directly from the producers, the farmers, and sale them in the market. These foods (mainly rice, vegetables, grains etc.) are necessary goods, hence demand for these food items are permanent and subject to be less affected by any changes in consumers’ incom e (Bluejay). Nature and Strength of Competitive Forces: The high necessity for these foods has made many retailers to supply these foods to the market. Hence, the competition is very much present. But the strategic decisions of few of the large business firms have lowered down the competition. The Whole Foods Market, the biggest name in the whole foods industry, has largely occupied the market. It had a tough competition from Wild Oats Market and hence on 2007 it merged with the Wild Oats Market. Wal-Mart is also creating huge competition in the industry. The competition lies mainly in the purchase of foods from the farmers at lower prices and also selling them at competitive prices. The acquisition of the Wild Oats implies the intention of the Whole Foods Market of charging high prices (Bluejay). Forces behind Industry Changes: The industry for whole foods is changing. The aggressive monopolization and hunt for more profits through high price and lower quality of food products, mer ging illegally with the small retailers, proving low prices to the farmers and low wages to the employees etc. are affecting the business of the Whole Foods Market and hence, the small retailers across the country are emerging. Not only that the farmers are getting encouragements from the government to supply their food products directly to the marketplaces. The government is also trying to purchase these products at subsidized prices from farmers and to supply them to market as public goods (Bluejay). Market Positions of Industry Rivals: The dominance of the Whole Foods Market in the industry excludes the dominance of all other rivals. In fact, the market shares for the rivals are not much at all. The Whole Foods have the advantage of local market that is growing rapidly and that they are the oldest in the industry and hence, they are getting more support from the local farmers. The acquisitions of different small whole grocers like the Portland Public Market, the Whole Grocers and the Wild Oats have helped it to acquire largest market share in the industry (Scarborough, Wilson and Zimmerer, 84-87). Next Strategic Moves of rivals: The dominant market share of the Whole Foods Market has marked the notable success in the industry. But this has also creates problems for the rivals. The rivals are getting marginalized in the market. Hence, the rivals are trying to initiate few strategies that will help them to earn good market share. They are trying to expand their business in outside USA. For example, recently Wal-Mart has decided to start business in South-East Asian countries. Also they are trying to initiate new pricing policies, such as charging lower price for the same food products as Whole Food is selling. They are also trying to get government help in terms of earning market

Math vs English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Math vs English - Essay Example This essay discusses that Math is a field of science that deals with counting, numbering, and different sorts of calculations. Math is applied in almost each and every deal in the everyday life. The knowledge of Math, at least basic, is necessary in order to be able to buy or sell things independently. The knowledge of Math helps an individual estimate the profit or loss made in a deal. Math is one of the oldest fields of science. Math is applied in a variety of other fields of science that include but are not limited to Physics and Chemistry. Math is one of the most fundamental and essential subjects taught in the coursework of Engineering. To facilitate the calculations, various tools have been introduced in the market including calculators and computers. Sometimes, Math is also used as a language e.g. binary language used in computers. Math is a very interesting subject taught in schools. English is a language. The importance of English can be estimated from the fact that it is an international language. In the present age of globalization, the importance of developing competence in English cannot be overemphasized. One needs at least basic knowledge of English language in order to be able to use a computer. English is a very easy and interesting language. While the basic format of the language is the same, English is spoken in a variety of accents in different parts of the world. There is a British accent, an American accent, and an Indian accent of English among others. The English language has modified over the passage of time in grammar, words, and dialect. Most international courses are delivered in the English language to enable a wider population of students to participate in them.

A PhD in the field of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Statement of Purpose Essay Example for Free

A PhD in the field of Pharmaceutical Sciences Statement of Purpose Essay Statement of Purpose I am determined to pursue a PhD in the field of Pharmaceutical Sciences with an emphasis on formulation and development of new drug entities. During pharmaceutics lab sessions in my second year as an undergraduate, I was engaged in making different drug formulations (Pharmaceutics). It was here I began to wonder how these dosage forms were being formulated to achieve optimum therapeutic response which led me to the goal of pharmaceutical technology. During my B.pharm in Pune University, my appetite for pharmaceutics led me to pursue a masters in pharmaceutics. I worked hard, studying various Novel drug delivery systems such as Micro-particulate systems, chrono-modulated drug delivery systems, various polymeric dosage forms, etc. Not to negate this hard work, I couldnt be more proud of what I accomplished in my research on the Development and evaluation of Floating microspheres of Pioglitazone hydrochloride and developed new dosage form for the delivery of the anti-diabetic drug. As compared to conventional dosage form (tablet) of Pioglitazone hydrochloride, this new dosage form prolongs the delivery of drug and retains it for nearly 12 hours in the stomach region, where maximum release of the drug is possible. My mark on the field has just begun My interests grew as I viewed at close quarters current developments in pharmaceutics, in particular as it relates to formulation and development of drug molecules. It is marvellous to see how a molecule, inefficacious in conventional formulations, can do wonders when used in a Novel Drug Delivery System like Microparticles. I feel the need to delve more deeply into my Masters research topic of Microparticles and do more research into areas of Micro/nanotechnology, to study in detail the development of Micro/nanoparticles as carriers to deliver aniticancer agents, genes, vaccines, etc. I have published 2 research papers, 1 other is accepted for publication and another one under revision, which gave me intense experience of the overall procedure for publication from designing experiments 25/8/2013 2:13 PM a PhD in the field of Pharmaceutical Sciences Statement of Purpose http://www.essayforum.com/graduate-essays-4/phd-field-pharmaceutic Inspiration and enthusiasm well up in me when I am at work; I have gained professional experience by working for about 1year as Trainee chemist (FD) at Zest Pharma and about 6 months as Chemist (FD) at Aristo Pharma in India. During this period I become completely familiar with Preformulation studies, Formulation development and standardization of different oral solid dosage forms. Of course now I want to move forward ahead toward a Ph.D. I chose National University of Singapore (NUS) because of the exceptional research projects in the field of Pharmaceutics. I am mostly intrigued by Dr. Chans project concerning study of different techniques of microencapsulation and also Dr. Liews projects on Granulation and pelletization techniques. I am confident of making an original contribution to the field of Pharmaceutics and also because the facilities at NUS seem to foster a healthy research environment as I could gather from the brochure of your department. Also NUS provides a very thorough and effective foundation for work in the Industrial/Organizational field. I intend to pursue a career in the area of research and development for private industry; therefore NUSs high placement rate, along with all above qualities, is imperative to me and my career. It is my intention to make a significant contribution to my chosen field and I look forward to our relationship with great eagerness. Â  Nov 7, 2011, 06:43am #2 any one can please take a look at my SOP and comment on possible changes EF_Susan [Moderator] Nov 10, 2011, 12:25pm #3 My mark on the field has just begun. I feel the need to delve more deeply into my Masters research topic of Microparticles and to do more research into areas of Micro/nanotechnology, to study in detail the development of Micro/nanoparticles as carriers to deliver aniticancer agents, genes, vaccines, etc. I have published 2 research papers, and one other is accepted for publication and another I have taught lectures have taken practicals of Physical Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics-II) of second year under-graduate students. Of course n Now I want to move forward ahead toward a Ph.D. Looks like theyll be very lucky to have you as a student! Â  Similar discussions: PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences (Rejected for the last time when applied) Reasons for applying Master of Science (MSc) programme in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Dynamic research group of UF; University of Florida/ PhD(Pharmaceutical Sciences)-SOPÂ   Thesis statement for my sop (field of lifesciences/clinical sciences) Need ideas! Research on Jacalin plant; Study Objective for Fulbright Pharmaceutical Sciences Statement of Purpose for a major in Fluid/Thermal Sciences (MS Mechanical) Statement of Purpose for Graduate School in Bioarchaeology field in the UK Statement of Purpose for Chemical engineering in smart polymers field (the field of Oncology) Statement of Purpose Masters in Physician Assistant The burgeoning field of Computer Science my Statement of Purpose Random: Obeying to the demands of Mrs. Sanderson; Significant Experience/ UC This thread has been closed. 25/8/2013 2:13 PM a PhD in the field of Pharmaceutical Sciences Statement of Purpose 4 of 4 http://www.essayforum.com/graduate-essays-4/phd-field-pharmaceutic 25/8/2013 2:13 PM

Being Young :: Free Essay Writer

Being Young Everyone has once been young. But everybody hasn't gone through this difficult period in life the same way. Which possibilities and living conditions have teenagers nowadays? Some people think that you leave childhood when you become a teenager, and that you are still young up in your twenties. I don't think there are exact limits that tell you whether you are young or old. According to christian tradition one is considered adult after the confirmation, but I wouldn't call fifteen year-olds adults. At that age, they're still not ready to handle the consequences of their own actions. When you are eighteen, you are considered an independent individual, and have all juridical rights, such as driving a car and the right to vote. You are also bound to serve in the military. Nevertheless, one can't buy spirits before the age of twenty-one is achieved. Now, more than ever, fashion seem to dominate the youth's everyday. Perhaps the reason is that they feel insecure and think that the "right" clothes will give them a feeling of being accepted by the group. This phenomen has a negative side. What if a pupil can't afford to buy these clothes? Will he or she be excluded from the gang? Some schools in various countries have tried to solve this problem. They have introduced a rule that allows pupils to go at school only if they are dressed in a specific school-uniform. But many students don't like these uniforms. They want to decide for themselves how to dress. During the last years it has become more usual for parents to divorce. Some people think that this conflict may have a positiv effect on kids, because the children get a bigger family to hold on to. Others think the opposite. But it is obvious that parental separation can harm or ruin many childhoods. I don't think it is healthy for the kids if they feel dragged between their mother and father, and perhaps it is even worse if the child is allowed to choose which parent to live with. In Norway, children above twelve years have the possibility to make their own choice. When youngsters today seek entertainment, he or she has a tendecy to drop down in front of a television set. This is not very constructive, because it leads to passivity. In the past, kids used to tell stories to each other and play games, both inside the house and out in the streets. I think that was a more developing way of entertainment. One can already see the results of the television's influence.